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THE HERO SERIES 



A 

Nineteenth-Century 
Crusader 



BY 



Charles Edward Locke 

Author of " Freedom's Next War 
FOR Humanity" 




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CINCINNATI: JENNINGS & PYE 
NEW YORK: EATON & MAINS 



THE LIBRARY ©F 

0©NGRESS, 
Two Copies Receiveu 

MAY. 5 1902 

COI»YRI«HT ENTRY 

CLASS ^XXo, N©. 
COPY 8. 






COPYRIGHT, 1902, 
CHARLES EDWARD LOCKE 



^ 









A Nineteenth-Centitry 
Crttsader 



" How truly it is in man, and not in his circum- 
stances, that the secret of his destiny resides !" 

— Gladstone. 



" Study the history of the American Revolution. 
That is an extraordinary history. It is highly honor- 
able to those who brought that Republic about. In 
this country we have happily had to a great extent, and 
I hope we shall have it still more, what is called local 
self-government. That has been the secret of the 
strength of America. You have in America these two 
things combined, the love of freedom and respect for 
law, and a desire for the maintenance of order ; and 
where you find these two things combined, you have 
the elements of national excellence and national 
greatness." —Gladstone. 



A Nineteenth-Century 
Crusader 

TN our effort to measure the full stature of the 
brave men who are to win the victories of 
our next war and to gather inspiration for the 
inevitable conflicts before us as a Nation, let 
us place by the side of our Washington, the 
Great Commoner of the Anglo-Saxon peoples, 
England's Grand Old Man. 

The perspective of the years is doubtless in- 
dispensable to the truest delineation of charac- 
ter. It has been said that the world does not 
know its greatest men; but that Mr. Gladstone 
easily led the majestic procession of true man- 
hood, was graciously acknowledged by even his 
stoutest opponent. John Bright upon one oc- 
casion magnanimously paid a choice tribute to 
his political rival. Speaking to a fond mother 
whose little son had never seen Gladstone, Mr. 
Bright said, 'Take him to see the greatest 
Englishman he is ever likely to look upon." A 

5 



6 William Ewart Gladstone 

really great man belongs to all nations and gen- 
erations, and this is pre-eminently true of 
William Ewart Gladstone. 

Gladstone was well born. His father, Sir 
John Gladstone, belonged to the middle class, 
and was a successful grain-dealer in Liverpool. 
In that city William Ewart was born December 
29, 1809. Sir John was diligent and religious, 
and a man of strong convictions and sterling in- 
tegrity. William's mother was conscientious, 
affectionate, and devotedly pious. From such a 
secure citadel did young Gladstone descend into 
the battlefields of life. Unequal, indeed, is the 
conflict of that boy who does not have behind 
him a mother's prayers and a father's con- 
fidences. 

He was well trained! Entering Eton at 
twelve years of age, he passed finally to Oxford, 
where he was graduated at twenty-two, having 
distinguished himself in mathematics, the lan- 
guages, and oratory, and at his graduation re- 
ceiving the double-first honor, an achievement 
very rarely won. His embarkation into public 
life took place the next year, 1832, when he was 
elected to the House of Coimmons from Newark, 
through the support of the Duke of Newcastle, 
whose son was Gladstone's warm personal friend 
at the university. In 1834, by the invitation of 



A Nineteenth-Century Crusader 7 

Sir Robert Peel, he was given a place in the 
Cabinet, where, from the beginning, he exhibited 
extraordinary capacity for statesmanship. 

He was well married! At thirty years of 
age he wooed and won beautiful Catherine 
Glynne, of noble Welsh descent, who, through 
all the eventful years of the great man's career, 
was a loving and constant companion. Gal- 
lantly did her eloquent husband say of her in 
a public address, ''No words of mine will suffice 
to express the debt I owe to her." A beautiful 
illustration of her wifely devotion appears, when 
on one occasion in getting out of a carriage, 
Mr. Gladstone accidently closed the doors on 
his wife's fingers; but she concealed her severe 
pain lest her suffering might disturb him in the 
great speech he was about to deliver. Eight 
children blessed their happy home. Their mar- 
ried life continued unbroken for nearly fift3^-nine 
years. When the power of this towering Hercules 
is being estimated, the influence of his bright 
family circle, remote from London discords and 
Westminster burdens and antagonisms, must be 
granted a conspicuous place. In this Utopian 
retreat, now restoring his physical vigor by the 
heroic exercise of the woodman; and again, hid- 
den among his fifteen thousand volumes, where, 
as an omnivorous reader and voluminous writer, 



8 William Ewart Gladstone 

he indulged his penchant for literature; and, at 
other times, as the priest of the fireside, sitting 
with wife and children, regaled by the fragrant 
incense of fondest devotion arising from each 
heart; in such a blissful Eden this mighty son 
of Manoah gathered giant strength for the 
sweeping triumphs of his public life. 

After a while discriminating biographers and 
painstaking historians will tax their largest 
powers of analysis and expression as they write 
the romantic chapters of this noble life; and let 
none expect even to approach an adequate pre- 
sentation of his thrilling theme who does not 
possess the rare combination of Boswell's de- 
votion, Macaulay's magic, Parkman's pigments, 
and Bancroft's industry. 

Mr. Gladstone was ambitious! But ambition 
is not a sin! Are we not urged to "covet ear- 
nestly the best gifts." He was not ambitious 
in the obsolete sense of fawning for votes. To 
a company of schoolboys he once said: "If a 
boy ran, he ought to run as fast as he could; 
if he jumped, he ought to jump as far as he 
could." We are all but children of larger 
growth. Mr. Gladstone practiced his own gos- 
pel, but there was an entire absence of grasping 
and greed. 

He was busy and indefatigable ! He did with 



A Nineteenth-Century Crusader 9 

his might what his hand found to do. In i860, 
when installed as Lord Rector of Edinburgh 
University, he said to the students, "Believe me 
when I tell you that the thrift of time will re- 
pay you in after life with a usury of profit be- 
yond your most sanguine dreams, and that the 
waste of it will make you dwindle alike in in- 
tellectual and moral stature, beneath your dark- 
est reckonings." He possessed a taste for 
minutiae and skill in the manipulation of details. 
Besides caring for the multitude of duties in- 
cident upon onerous official position, he found 
time by retiring late and rising early, a most 
rigid regard for ''the thrift of time," to write 
great books like "Studies in Homer," "The 
Church and State," "The Impregnable Rock of 
Holy Scripture," besides numberless pungent 
pamphlets and timely magazine articles, surpass- 
ing many men who devote themselves entirely 
to literature, in the productions of his trenchant 
pen. No man in England since John Wesley 
was so versatile and voluminous as Mr. Glad- 
stone. 

He possessed a lofty sense of justice, truth, 
and righteousness. Combined with honor and 
manliness, he was a strategical tactician and an 
invincible debater. His characteristic tenacity, 
when believing in the justice of his claim, ap- 



lo William Ewart Gladstone 

pears in that familiar incident when he presented 
to the Queen an official document, which, when 
she refused to affix her name, he said, ''Your 
Majesty, you must sign." Victoria indignantly 
replied, "Mr. Gladstone, do you know who I 
am? I am the Queen of England!" "Yes, your 
Majesty," replied the Premier, "but do you know 
who I am? I am the people of England, and 
you must sign this document." And she 
signed it. 

Another incident is said to have occurred 
at Windsor Castle, just after Mr. Gladstone's 
party had secured a victory. In conversation 
with the Duke of Devonshire, the Queen de- 
clared she would not have Mr. Gladstone back 
in the premiership. "Then," said the duke, 
"your Majesty must abdicate." Mr. Gladstone 
was appointed. 

With prophetic vision Mr. Gladstone saw 
coming events, and prepared for them. He once 
said, "You can not fight against the future," 
and most of his great movements astonished 
England because they seemed premature. Prince 
Albert used to urge the young men of Great 
Britain tO' find out the purpose of God in the 
age in which they lived, and then fit themselves 
quickly and enthusiastically into the plans of 
the Omnipotent. Mr. Gladstone seemed to be 



A Nineteenth-Century Crusader ii 

almost inspired as he prepared his nation for the 
inevitable march of ideas. Those who ridiculed 
him as a fanatical visionary, in a little time after, 
as ardent admirers, were willing to adore him 
as a seer. 

About the time of our Civil War, Walter 
Bagehot, in sentences chaste and somber, wrote 
concerning Mr. Gladstone, "W^ar is often neces- 
sary." ]\ir. Gladstone had announced himself 
as uncompromisingly against war, and as pro- 
foundly of the opinion that all domestic and 
international antagonisms could be settled by 
the more Christlike institution of arbitration. 
Bagehot boldly enters the role of adviser, and 
counsels Gladstone to alter his policy, and use 
the processes of war, when necessary; and then 
ventures the prophecy that if his advice is fol- 
lowed, "Gladstone may leave a great name; but 
if not, not." Bagehot's essay, to-day, deserves 
a place among the curiosities of the antiquarian. 
Bagehot was blind where Gladstone's vision was 
clear as the noonday. Gladstone's greatness 
consisted in being able to think ahead of his age. 

Gladstone's greatest achievements were won 
in plans for the amelioration of his fellow-man. 
He was a courteous and knightly exponent of 
the principles of human liberty. Shortly after 
his debut in the Commons, he joined fervently 



12 William Ewart Gladstone 

with Sir Robert Peel in the repeal of the cruel 
corn-laws by which a heartless monopoly was 
terrifying and starving the people. From that 
day until the time of his resignation at eighty- 
five years of age, he made, not only England, 
but the whole world, indebted to him, by es- 
pousing and carrying forward philanthropic en- 
terprises and wholesome legislation. Through 
his heroic endeavor, the burdens of taxation were 
removed from the toiling masses. He cordially 
supported the Geneva Arbitration by which war 
between England and America was averted. He 
secured the enfranchisement of the artisan and 
the peasant, and thus liberated the white slaves 
of Britain. He abolished the possibility of pur- 
chasing military promotions, relegating that 
ancient absurdity to the limbo of long-deserved 
oblivion. He disestablished the Irish Church, 
and by so doing initiated a movement which will 
not end until Church and State shall be sepa- 
rated in all the United Kingdom. He opened 
the great universities to students of every creed, 
and made the common schools available to the 
poorest families. For some years he was the 
courageous champion of Home Rule for Ireland, 
not hesitating to defend the unpopular side of 
this question even to the loss of the premiership. 
He possessed strong convictions and daunt- 



A Nineteenth Century Crusader 13 

less courage. John Bright asked, "Who equals 
him in courage and fideUty to his convictions?" 
No Roman gladiator ever stood more unflinch- 
ingly before his foes! Again and again did he 
bravely and unselfishly throw fame, fortune, and 
future into the wide chasm of the forum. But 
each time, as the breach closed, faltering friends 
and vituperative enemies rallied again to his side, 
only to become once more estranged as this 
modern Moses led this modern Israel nearer to 
the Canaan of a perfect government. 

There was nO' stronger evidence of the super- 
lative courage of this brave man than his ability 
and audacity to change his public attitudes as 
his convictions on great subjects were modified. 
Four decades ago one historian blandly re- 
marked, "Mr. Gladstone is a problem; no one 
knows what he will do next." Not even his 
most prejudiced opponents believed that these 
alterations were to subserve the wily schemes 
of an intriguing demagogue. The honesty and 
candor of Gladstone disarmed such criticism. 
He says of himself: 'T went to Oxford a Tory, 
and came out a Tory. I did not learn there 
how to set due value on the imperishable and 
inestimable principles of human liberty." When 
the mighty truth broke full-orbed upon his 
understanding, he fearlessly declared himself an 



14 William Ewart Gladstone 

enthusiastic Liberal. On the great questions of 
Disestablishment, Home Rule, Slavery, and 
House of Lords, he was diametrically opposed 
to the positions which he had once ingeniously 
defended. He never allowed his partisanship 
to obscure his conscience. 

His deep convictions made him an orator. 
His inimitable voice, his mellifluous diction, his 
invulnerable logic, his bubbling humor, and his 
oratorical impulse were all valuable accessories, 
but they were only the graceful setting for a 
brave and brilliant championship of what he con- 
ceived to be right. Eloquence is thought incar- 
cerating the soul of the orator. When the 
speaker gives himself with his words, then his 
utterances breathe and leap and soar and glow 
with life energy. Orators are not tailor-made! 
No machine can be constructed for the manu- 
facture of a true orator. Eloquence pure and 
electrifying may be expected when some noble 
soul endeavors to persuade the idolatrous masses 
to leave the bestial worship of debasing images, 
and follow him by safe paths to trembling Sinais. 
Orators appear as men are willing to relinquish 
the quietude of Midian for the conflict and dan- 
gers and sacrifices of Arabia! This modern 
Moses talked with God and prevailed with men. 

He was a defender of the faith. In book 



A Nineteenth-Century Crusader 15 

and magazine, in Parliament and on the plat- 
form, he manfully and logically and eloquently 
and convincingly protected the Church. In the 
House of Commons, in 1881, referring to the 
Holy Scripture, he said, ''Guided by that light, 
the Divine Light, we are safe." 

In all the mutations and surprises and 
caprices of English history during the last sixty 
years; in all the storms, fierce and destructive, 
which have crashed and roared, Mr. Gladstone 
stood, like Hollyhead Lighthouse, with a firm 
grip upon the Bed-rock of Ages; not free from 
mistake, of course, but entirely beyond the sus- 
picion of forsaking his post of duty as a servant 
of the Most High. A few years ago he is re- 
ported to have said: "The older I grow, the 
more confirmed I am in my faith and religion. 
I haA^e been in public life fifty-eight years, and 
for forty-seven years in the Cabinet of the 
British Government, and during those forty- 
seven years I have been associated with sixty 
of the master-minds of the country, and all but 
five of the sixty were Christians." 

Mr. Gladstone's religious life was not char- 
acterized by a fruitless passivity, which has left 
his age in some doubt concerning his standard 
of ethics and his doctrinal belief. So gallant and 
aggressive was his defense of Christianity that 



i6 William Ewart Gladstone 

some future generation will seriously consider 
whether he was not greater as a theologian and 
propagating apostle of Christianity than as a 
statesman and economist. 

Mr. Gladstone fervently believed that Jesus 
Christ is the Son of God. When a Colorado col- 
lege boy was being troubled with doubts, he 
remarked to his pastor that he would like the 
testimony of Mr. Gladstone concerning the per- 
son of Christ. In reply to a letter from the 
thoughtful clergyman, this answer, brief in 
words, but voluminous in thought, was received : 

"All I write, and all I think, and all I hope, 
is based upon the Divinity of our Lord, the one 
central hope of our poor, wayward race. 

"W. E. GlvADSTON^." 

The mighty truth which has transformed the 
ages, built into this earnest man's life, lifted him 
into the highest altitudes of greatness. A Mont 
Blanc in the picturesque uplands of lofty human 
character, he was ma,de great by the doctrines 
he espoused; and he made those truths more 
attractive by the adornment of his life and logic. 

Choice spirits ministered to the old leader 
as he sat in the lengthening shadows. Genius, 
manliness, eloquence, history, poesy, and truth 



A Nineteenth-Century Crusader 17 

discoursed to him the music of a well-spent life. 
His declining years beautifully fulfilled the fa- 
miliar lines of the greatest American poet: 

**ror age is opportunity no less 
Than youth itself, though in another dress. 
And as the evening twilight fades away, 
The sky is filled with stars invisible by day." 

2 



The Last Anglo-Saxon 
Invasion 



"The Anglo-Saxon is the only race that thinks by 
nations instead of by railway stations. Where the 
English-speaking race gets in, barbarism goes out." 

— Frances Willard. 



"English-speaking people have always been the 
freest people, the greatest lovers of liberty the world 
has ever seen. Long before English history properly 
begins, the pen of Tacitus reveals to us our forefathers 
in their old home-land in North Germany, beating back 
the Roman legions. Our Germanic ancestors were the 
only people who did not bend the neck to these lords 
of all the world besides." —Allen. 



"The days when Europeans will march up to 
Chinese troops in position, or in defense of position, 
and sweep them away like flies, will soon be over. ' ' 
— General (Chinese) Gordon. 



The Last 
Anglo-Saxon Invasion 



j^ 



"T^HE greatest Mohammedan mosque in the 
venerable city of Damascus was once a 
sacred Christian church. Over one of the dis- 
carded entrances, cut in the stone by the devout 
Christian builders, are the words, "Thy kingdom 
is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion 
endureth throughout all generations." The 
Moslem marauder has not thought it worth while 
to obliterate this prophetic sentiment. But this 
is the notice that the God of the ages has served 
upon all the Paganism and unbelief and sin of 
the world. Jehovah does not sleep; he works 
out his mysterious plans. Truth is not dis- 
mayed; the struggle may be long, but victory is 
the more secure. 

These are great days through which we are 
passing. The old century closed as it com- 
menced, with the clashing of opposing forces. 
The opening of the new century witnesses old 
and new civilizations in sharp combat. 

As all the nations of the world are turning 

21 



22 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

anxious faces toward the far East, and seeking 
to be represented by army and warship and dip- 
lomat, we reverently ask the question, ^'What 
shall be the mission of the Anglo-Saxon in these 
unexpected crises?" What part shall our own 
Nation play in what may prove to be one of the 
tragedies or triumphs of history? And what is 
the true meaning of this mighty uprising? 

Who is the Anglo-Saxon, and what right has 
he to be considered in the struggle of nations? 
Civilization slipped down from the hoary high- 
lands of Bactria into the lowlands of Hindoostan; 
it then moved westward, tarrying long enough 
to build its towers in Persia, its temples in 
Greece, its tombs in Egypt, and its thrones in 
Rome. Thence into the Germanic tribes and 
Britain it steadily made its way. Contempo- 
raneously with the shimmering of Bethlehem's 
star, influences were started in Northwestern Eu- 
rope by which the world was helped in its prepa- 
ration for the Manger Messiah. At the battle of 
Teutoburg Forest in the year 9, three Roman 
legions were annihilated, and their general, 
Varus, driven to suicide. The successful march 
of Rome was thus permanently checked, and 
Arminius, the victorious warrior, became not 
only the savior of his country, but he made the 
Teutonic peoples the ancestors of the most 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 23 

powerful and cultured and Christian nations the 
world has yet seen — the Anglo-Saxons. One 
historian says, *'In the blow by the Teutoburg 
Wood was the germ of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, the germ of the surrender of York- 
town." Charles Darwin wrote: "All other series 
of events — the culture of Greece, the Empire of 
Rome — only appear to base purpose and value 
when viewed as subsidiary to the great stream of 
Anglo-Saxon emigration tO' the West." 

There have been three great Anglo-Saxon in- 
vasions. The first, in the fifth century, when the 
Saxons and the Angles from the banks of the 
Elbe and the shores of the Baltic went over to 
Britain, expelling the Celts, the native inhabitants 
of this island, and laying the foundation for the 
magnificent English Nation, whose history, from 
Egbert and Alfred to Elizabeth and Victoria, has 
been the most remarkable for progress and con- 
quest in all annals of nations. 

The second Anglo-Saxon invasion took place 
when our forefathers, inheriting the fondness for 
freedom from Arminius and Alfred, sought on 
the shores of a new country an asylum where 
they could worship God as their consciences dic- 
tated. Here on our shores have been the great- 
est struggles of the years, and here the most 
influential victories have been achieved. 



24 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

We are now witnessing the third Anglo- 
Saxon invasion. I stood upon the rocky prom- 
ontories of the Golden Gate a few months ago, 
and saw an army of invasion leave the sunset 
coast of our Republic for the Orient. \ 

The new mission of America is but an en- 
largement of the old mission, "To proclaim lib- 
erty throughout all the land." It has remained 
for the people of these commencement-of-the- 
century days to read a new meaning into Bishop 
Berkeley's couplets: 

** Westward the course of empire takes its way; 
The first four acts already past, 
The fifth shall close the drama with the day ; 
Time's noblest offspring is its last." 

Our forefathers bravely followed the guiding 
star to the summit of the Alleghany Mountains, 
and fixed the western boundary of the new Re- 
public. But the years pushed the frontiers west- 
ward until the sweeping waters of the great 
Mississippi were reached. And when at last, 
against the prophecies and expectations of Amer- 
ican statesmen, the plains were crossed by the 
intrepid pioneer, autocractic and indignant 
makers of laws defiantly announced that the 
crest of the Rocky Mountains would forever re- 
main the western boundary of the Nation. But 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 25 

westward still, steadily and gracefully, moved 
that point of light, until at last it mingled its 
silver beams with the golden glories of the sun- 
set coast. 

Once more with composed assurance the 
statesmen announced the farther boundary of 
America to be the embroidered strands of our 
Western States. And even modern magi did not 
discern through the crystal air of our western 
shore that the star of empire was not standing 
motionless, and had not ceased its noiseless 
flight, but westward still pursued its steady 
course. It was not until war-clouds had dark- 
ened our national sky that it was seen that the 
star of empire was fitfully gleaming above a 
Pacific Archipelago. As a Nation we are the 
creatures of that star, and we can do nothing less 
than recognize its leadership and keep up with 
its aerial flight; for some day it will belt the 
earth with bands of light, and the star of em- 
pire, which — may I say it? — is the Star of Bethle- 
hem, will lead our Nation and the whole world 
to the portals of the King where liberty and light 
and truth shall reign in an eternity of beauty and 
perfection; and the star itself shall become a jewel 
in the diadem of Christ, to shine with fadeless 
luster forever and forever] 

In this third Anglo-Saxon invasion England 



26 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

and America are most closely allied. Political 
antagonisms can not keep these two countries 
forever apart. Americans inherited from their 
English ancestors a love for freedom; the Revo- 
lutionary War was the logical sequence of the 
subjugation of the Briton by the Angles and 
Saxons. Had the mother country been a little 
less rigid in her treatment of her transatlantic 
progeny, the wars of 1776 and 1812 might have 
been averted. It was a blunder in statesman- 
ship. Many English people believed with Burke, 
that "to prove Americans ought not to be free, 
we are obliged to depreciate the value of free- 
dom itself, and to deride some of those feelings 
for which our ancestors have shed their blood." 
And many citizens of Great Britain heartily ap- 
plauded Lord Chatham when he said in ParHa- 
ment: "My Lords, you. can not conquer Amer- 
ica. It is the struggle of free and virtuous pa- 
triots! If I were an American as I am an Eng- 
lishman, while a foreign troop was landed in 
my country I would never lay down my arms — 
never — never — never!" The success of the 
American Colonists was a defeat for a mistaken 
foreign policy; but it was a supreme victory for 
the true Anglo-Saxon spirit of liberty and prog- 
ress. Some Americans gave Canon Farrar a 
window in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, the 



The Last Anglo-Savon Invasion 27 

founder of Virginia. The distinguished divine 
invited Mr. Lowell to write the inscription. This 
is the quatrain he furnished: 

"The New World's sons, from England's breast we drew 
Such milk as bids remember whence we came ; 
Proud of her past, from which our present grew. 
This window we erect to Raleigh's name." 

The mission of England and America to the 
world is a divinely-appointed responsibility. 
From his home in Britannia the Anglo-Saxon 
has moved in two- steady streams, one westward, 
the other eastward; and the present great crisis 
in the far-away East will be more easily under- 
stood and solved, because, after centuries of 
progress in opposite directions, the Anglo-Saxon 
forces are about to be united in the Antipodes; 
and, for the first time in the history of civiliza- 
tion, the Anglo-Saxon has encircled the globe. 

"Blood is thicker than water.'' The sis:nifi- 
cant and prophetic emphasis put upon this old 
saying by Commodore Tattnall has never been 
forgotten by America and England, and might 
be profitably recalled by the warriors and anarch- 
ists of the Flowery Kingdom to-day. When the 
Chinese made an unjustifiable attack upon the 
British fleet approaching Pekin on the Pei-ho 
River on June 19, 1859, the gallant American 



28 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

commodore disregarded all the laws of neutral- 
ity, and hurried to the reHef of the EngHsh com- 
mander, declaring as he did so that "blood is 
thicker than water." There are no ties so strong 
as those of kinship — blood-ties; by those Eng- 
land and America are united to-day ; and, because 
of consanguinity and mutual principles and affin- 
ities, there is a providential union ; and what God 
hath joined together man can not keep asunder. 

Whether there shall be an alliance offensive 
and defensive between England and America, or 
an Anglo-Saxon federation, or an informal alli- 
ance, sober and trained statesmen must decide. 
It is certain that not only sentiment and affinity, 
but positive obligation to heaven and mankind 
rolls upon the powerful and Christian Anglo- 
Saxon the supreme duty of the hour, to form 
such a union as shall soften the asperities of the 
Eastern nations and open the Celestial Empire 
to the progress of the West, and at the same time 
preserve to China her integral rights and na- 
tional unity. 

England and America can give to the world 
a universal language — an indispensable vehicle 
to progress. They can give to the nations their 
customs and commerce, both of which are great 
civilizers. They can bless the world with mighty 
systems of education — common schools and in- 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 29 

stitutions of higher education. It is the mission 
of these Anglo-Saxon peoples to disseminate the 
principles of freedom. Of course it is true that 
some nations, as some men, can not stand free- 
dom; they confound it with Hcense; but there is 
ever a survival of the fittest; and if there are 
some victims, there are many more to whom 
larger privileges mean larger characters. 

England and America must teach to the na- 
tions of the world respect for womanhood. The 
strength of the Anglo-Saxon race lies in the 
honor and protection which are ever accorded 
to the women. Then, too, these two magnificent 
countries are under obligation to take their re- 
ligion to the world — a religion which in its con- 
quests of love and light has won for itself the 
supremest place in the faiths of the world. 
Pagan nations are languishing for the truth and 
the temples of Christianity. Our ancestors in 
Britain would have fallen a prey tO' their ene- 
mies had they not by their conversion to Chris- 
tianity added loftiness of faith to steadiness of 
nerve. What has made Great Britain and the 
United States increasingly strong is the need 
and the right of every nation; and it is within 
the power of these Christian peoples to carry the 
secret of life to the nations of the world. 

Before many years shall have passed, Eng- 



30 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

land and America, closely and more closely 
allied, can dictate terms to the nations, and 
usher in that glad morning when there shall be 
universal peace and the disarmament of the 
world. Perhaps it is not so far away as now 
appears, when only such armies and navies as 
will be necessary to perform police duty will be 
needed on the earth. In the progress of Chris- 
tianity that day will certainly come when swords 
shall be beaten into plowshares and spears into 
pruning-hooks ! 

Whether it shall be accepted as expansion or 
denounced as imperialism, whether political plat- 
forms shall defend or defy, this last Anglo-Saxon 
invasion is consistent with the movements of 
history, and is in response to the law of progress. 

The slumbering giant of the great Mongolian 
Empire has at last awakened, and the uprising 
in China was but a fierce and bloody protest 
against the law of progress. Here are more 
than 40opoo,ooo of people who have successfully 
resisted the overtures of an Occidental civiliza- 
tion. The reader of Chinese history is filled with 
wonder and surprise. China has had its philos- 
ophy and religion, its arts and its mechanics, 
and yet, until within a generation, has been 
practically a hermit nation, refusing to accept 
the conclusions of science and to surrender a 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 31 

degrading paganism. For seven or eight 
decades self-sacrificing teachers have sought to 
bring the Hght of the gospel to these deceived 
people; science and philanthropy have endeav- 
ored to introduce treatnient of disease and kind- 
ness to the poor; and invention and commerce 
have been aggressive until there are now 3,000 
miles of telegraph already constructed, uniting 
all the nineteen provinces with the national 
capital, Peking; and 3,000 miles of railroad pro- 
jected, a portion of which is completed. 

China has had continuous authentic history 
for forty centuries. The first real character in 
Chinese history was the Emperor Yu, who ruled 
2204 B. C. The Chinese are supposed to be 
the descendants of Shem, the eldest son of Noah. 
They settled on the banks of the Yellow River, 
and established a kingdom coeval with Baby- 
lonia and Egypt, and before Abraham came out 
of Chaldea. They were a flourishing people be- 
fore Nineveh or Thebes or Troy was founded; 
before Israel was enslaved in Egypt, or Nebu- 
chadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem, or Alexander 
wept for other worlds to conquer. 

China has endured while all the great em- 
pires of the past arose and fell. While mighty 
and opulent and cultured nations have decayed, 
China has successfully resisted and defied dis- 



32 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

integration and death. Like the obeHsk at On, 
it stands out in its majestic loneHness, the pride 
and the puzzle of the ages. The storms which 
have dismantled other nations have seemed but 
to have added fiber and endurance to the Celes- 
tial Empire. Their unique history has been dis- 
turbed by more than a score of dynasties and 
by countless revolutions, and yet this strange 
people include to-day nearly one-third of the 
earth's population. Instead of a people almost 
extinct, overcome by the decrepitude of age, 
they have appalled the civiHzed world with their 
cruel military operations, and have presented to 
the Occidental nations a problem for solution 
which will tax the wisdom and courage and 
patience of all statesmen. 

The world is now in one of the greatest 
crises of history; a mighty epoch is being turned. 
Shall the Caucasian be dominated by the yellow 
race? Shall the Mongolian be exterminated? 
What is the imminent duty of nations? Is the 
Chinaman worth saving? And countless other 
questions are upon the lips of the serious student 
of events. 

The recent cruel uprising is Christianity's 
opportunity so to manifest its true spirit as that 
an entrance shall be opened into China which 
will do more for the civilizing of that people 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 33 

than all the grasping schemes of avaricious na- 
tions to divide this long-lived empire. 

They are a reverential people. Their re- 
ligion consists in rites and ceremonies rather 
than in doctrines and principles. The basis 
of government and society seems to be the 
fifth commandment — filial devotion. Obedi- 
ence to parents and respect for old age are 
everywhere persistently inculcated and prac- 
ticed. Herein lies the secret of whatever of 
virtue and permanency may be found among 
the Chinese. When a man reaches eighty years 
of age his name is reported to the emperor, and 
a yellow robe is presented to him as a mark of 
imperial respect, on the presumption that his 
life must have been virtuous or it would not 
have been prolonged. Ancestral w^orship is uni- 
versal. All bow at the shrine of the past, and 
everything new is heresy. Confucianism, 
Buddhism, and Taoism, which are respectively 
ethical, metaphysical, and materialistic, furnish 
the basis of the moral and religious life of the 
people. There is much in these systems which 
is admirable and helpful. The people have a 
strong religious nature, as appears in their super- 
stitious practices, in their festival days, in their 
regard for the dead, and in the little shrines in 
the homes where tapers are ever burning. 
3 

LtfC. 



34 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

All that China needs to make it a progressive 
and useful nation is Christianity, with her in- 
stitutions. They are a more promising people 
than were our ancestors in Britain before their 
conversion to Christianity through the preach- 
ing of Augustine and the graceful influence of 
Queen Bertha, the wife of Ethelbert. They have 
won their right, by venerable age, to everything 
which Occidental nations can do for them. Con- 
fucianism, with its negative virtues, and Bud- 
dhism, with its intangible mysteries, have been 
tried, and found wanting. May China not be 
the nation which is to be born in a day? There 
is a tradition that the Apostle Thomas carried 
the gospel first to China. As early as 1288, Pope 
Nicholas sent missionaries to China. The last 
century, commencing with Morrison and Milne, 
has seen much earnest labor in behalf of the 
Chinese, and the results have been most grat- 
ifying. 

There is a God in heaven who has not for- 
gotten the Chinaman. Far away, about the year 
60 A. D., it is recorded that a company of 
Chinese envoys started westward to learn about 
a Messiah who they had heard had appeared 
under western skies. As they passed the bor- 
ders of India they encountered a company of 
Buddhist priests, who persuaded them that it 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 35 

was Buddha of whom they had learned and 
whom they sought. Thus was Buddhism intro- 
duced into China, and Christianity was pre- 
vented. Perhaps the Celestial Empire was not 
ready, the fullness of time for it had not come. 
But they were not to be omitted from the con- 
stituency of the Cross. Hopefully does the rapt 
and optimistic Prophet Isaiah tell of the days 
when the Gentiles shall hear the gospel: "Listen, 
O isles^ unto me; and hearken, ye people from 
afar." ^'Go forth; to them that are in darkness 
show yourselves; . . . and these from the 
land of Sinim." Scriptural philologists agree 
that Sinim refers to China. It is, therefore, the 
duty of Christian America and Christian Europe 
to adopt such methods in dealing with the 
Chinese as shall make the entrance of Christian- 
ity more easy and speedy; and we will fail in 
the greatest opportunity aflorded to the Church 
since Pentecost if China should be dismembered, 
its people destroyed, its provinces despoiled, and 
its national life ruined. 

In an interview which a Methodist bishop 
had with Li Hung Chang, three or four years 
ago, the distinguished viceroy said: "Say to the 
American people for me, to send over more men 
for the schools and the hospitals, and I hope 
to be in a position both to aid them and protect 



36 The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 

them." Progressive China wants, the institu- 
tions of Christianity. 

The sleeping giant has awakened to find his 
country thus besieged by progressive influences, 
and in the present crisis there is one mighty 
effort to throw off the power of the foreigner, 
that China may return to the characteristic 
inertia of former centuries. But it is too late! 
Time and truth have been patient with this 
tardy people. No nation can build across the 
path of progress, and expect to be forever let 
alone. China must either allow transformation, 
or it will suffer annihilation. The Britons, who 
did not flee in the first invasion, were merged 
into the Anglo-Saxon, and contributed elements 
of strength to their conquerors. In the second 
invasion, the indigenous people of America re- 
fused to assimilate with the white man, and 
have been exterminated. If China adopts the 
demonstrated principles of a thrifty civilization, 
with its religion, its institutions, and its am- 
bitions, it is destined yet, perhaps, to become 
a people whose history may go on when other 
less staid and settled nations shall have worn 
out with avarice and vice. 

In this awful crisis the Anglo-Saxon must 
come to the frenzied Chinaman with overtures 
of peace. The yellow man must not be increas- 



The Last Anglo-Saxon Invasion 37 

ingly angered by threatenings that his massive 
empire shall be partitioned among the powers, 
but he must be assured of his rights and of 
national protection, if he will, with his colossal 
empire, join the sisterhood of nations and 
brotherhood of races, and busy himself with the 
employments of peace and the freedom and 
progress of the individual citizen. 



•!•#•#• 




imanity, 

By Charles Edward Locke. 



FREEDOM'S NEXT 
WAR FOR HUMANITY 

By CHarles Erd^ward LocKe 



TN his introductory chapter, the author states the pur- 
pose of his discussions. After referring to America 
in her new role of propagator and defender of hberty, 
and to the recent victories won by the Stars and Stripes 
for oppressed humanity, he says : 

"As we have fought a war for humanity, for peoples 
of other blood and language, so if our Nation shall be 
perpetuated we shall be compelled to wage a war for the 
oppressed and victimized portions of our own citizenship. 
. . . While, therefore, as a Nation, we are pro^ddentiall}'- 
led to assist struggling peoples in their contention for their 
personal rights, we must not be unmindful of paramount 
interests at home, which if neglected will speedily shorten 
our career as propagators of liberty, and exhibit the Ameri- 
can Republic to the world as a pitiable spectacle — a Nation 
which could save others, but which could not save itself. ' ' 

SPECIFICAIIONS.— Size, 5>^ X 8 inches. 300 pages. Gilt top. |25 
Deckle edges. Bound in cloth, extra. Price, poSt-paid, I' 



CINCINNATI: JENNINGS CEX PYE 
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1 COPY DEL. TOCAT.DiV. 
MAY 5 1902 



